India Position and Population Statistics

by Devender

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India is the seventh-largest country in the world by area and the second-largest country in the world by population. India is the most populous democracy in the world.

India Position & Population Statistics

India lies in South Asia - It is North of the Equator
India has the 2nd largest arable land in the world after the US
Latitude - (8°4' – 37°6') N
Latitude - (8°4' – 37°6') N
India's population is 17.6% of the world population
Area - 3.28 million sq. km (2.4 % of world), 7th largest in the world
Southernmost Point - Indira Point (6°45')N
St. meridian - Allahabad (82°3')E
Kashmir to Kanyakumari - 3214 km
Rann of Kutch to Arunachal Pradesh - 2933 km
Mainland Coastline - 6100 km
(Mainland + A & N + Lakshadweep) coastline - 7517 km

Population - China > India > US > Indonesia > Brazil > Pakistan
Area - Russia > Canada > US > China > Brazil > Australia > India
Religion - Christian > Muslims > Hindus > Chinese folks > Buddhists
Language - Mandarin Chinese > English > Hindi > Spanish > Russian > Arabic

India Position and Population Statistics

Most populous state - UP
Least Populous State - Sikkim
Most literate state - Kerala
Least literate state - Bihar
Largest Area - Rajasthan
Smallest area - Goa
Male literacy - 82.14%
Female literacy - 65.46%
Male Population - 51.54%
Female Population - 48.46%
Max Sex ratio - Kerala
Min Sex Ratio - Haryana

Census 2011

Population

India's population is 1.21 billion which is 17.5% of the world. The male population of India is 623.7 million while Female is 586.5 million.

Literacy

India has a literacy of 74.04%. Male literacy is 82.14% while Female literacy is 65.46%. Kerala has the highest literacy among all the states while Bihar has the least.

Kerala has the highest Female literacy while Rajasthan has the least female literacy. Whereas Lakshadweep has the highest male literacy and Bihar has the lowest male literacy.

Sex Ratio

India's sex ratio is 940 which is the highest since 1971. Among states, Kerala has the highest sex ratio with 1084 while Haryana has the lowest with 877. Among UT, Puducherry has the highest with 1038, and Dadra and Nagar have the lowest with 775.

Child Sex Ratio

India's Child Sex Ratio is 914 and Mizoram has the highest Child Sex Ratio with 971 while Haryana has the lowest with 830.

Density of Population

India's density of population is 382 per sq. km. It is highest in Delhi and after that Bihar > WB > UP whereas it is lowest in A & N and after that Arunachal Pradesh.

Most Populous UT - Delhi
Least Populous UT - Lakshadweep
Highest Growth of Population - Meghalaya
Least Growth of Population - Nagaland (negative growth)

Factors of Population Distribution in India

Physical factors such as Climate, Terrain, and Availability of water

North Indian Plains, deltas, and Coastal Plains have climates suitable for agriculture and fertile plains hence have a higher proportion of the population
Mountainous and forested regions of southern and central Indian States, Himalayan states, and some of the north-eastern states are less populated
Development of irrigation (Rajasthan), availability of mineral and energy resources (Jharkhand), and development of transport network (Peninsular States) have resulted in a moderate to the high proportion of the population

Socio-economic and historical factors

Traditional settled agriculture and early human settlement has resulted in a large population in river plains and coastal areas of India
North Plains have a large population due to the development of transport and better agricultural development

Industrialization and urbanization

Due to industrial development and urbanization, Metro cities of India have a high concentration of population
A large number of rural-urban migrants come to these towns

Phases of Growth of Indian Population

1901-1921

This phase is referred to as a period of the stationary phase of the growth of India's population. It even recorded a negative growth rate as both the birth rate and death rate were high due to poor health and medical services, illiteracy of people at large, & inefficient distribution system of food.

1921-1951

This phase is referred to as the period of steady population growth. The crude birth rate remained high in this period leading to a higher growth rate than the previous phase. There was an overall improvement in health and sanitation throughout the country with better transport and communication system that also improved the distribution system.

1951-1981

It is referred to as the period of population explosion in India. The death rate in the country fell down but the birth rate increased. The average annual growth rate was as high as 2.2 %. It was because of better living conditions, scientific developments, and increased international immigration from Tibet, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan.

1981 - till present

During the last few decades, the growth rate of the country has been slowing down gradually. It became possible due to:

the decline in the crude birth rate
increase in the mean age at marriage
improvement in female literacy and empowerment
better scientific developments and access to the common man

Problems due to Higher Population in India

Unemployment
Poverty
Uneven Migration
Urbanization problem
Regional disparities
Increase in crime rate
Environmental Degradation

Impact of population growth on the Indian Economy

Adverse effects on savings
Unproductive investment
The slow growth of Per Capita Income
Underutilization of labor
Growing pressure on land
Adverse effect on the quality of the population
Adverse social impact

Tribes of India

The Indian government officially recognized the "Scheduled Tribes" in the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India. The scheduled tribes are often grouped together with scheduled castes in the category "Scheduled Castes and Tribes". These are eligible for certain constitutional benefits and perks.

Scheduled Tribes are defined in the Constitution of India, Article 366 (25) as "such tribes or tribal communities or part of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under Article 342 to the Scheduled Tribes (STs) for the purposes of this Constitution".

Tribe	State
Jarawa, Onge, Sentinelese	Andaman
Shorn Pens, Holchu	Nicobar
Palaeo Mongoloids	Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Manipur
Tibeto -Mongoloids	Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh
Mundas, Santhals, Oraons	Chhotanagpur Plateau
Gonds, Kondhs	Central Vindhyachal and Deccan Plateau
Gaddi, Kinner, Phangwal, Lahuli	Himachal Pradesh
Jaunsari, Bhotia, Raji, Buxa, Tharu	Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh
Anal, Chiru, Konkanas, Kollam	Maharashtra
Mala and Savara tribes	West Bengal
Bhuiya tribe	Madhya Pradesh
Banjaras, Moghias and Sathiyas	Rajasthan
Bhil and Maldhari (Gir lions)	Gujarat
Oraon, Munda, Chero, Parchaiya, Santhal, Asuras	Bihar
Bhuiya, Baiga, Dharua, Gaaro, Ho, Koli, Lodha	Orissa
Bakarwal	J&K
Oorali, Sholagar, Irular and Badaga	Tamil Nadu
Hakki-Pikki, Korgas, Kurubas, Soliga	Karnataka
Kadars, Irulars, Paniyans, Korgas, ooralis	Kerala

Common Features of Tribes

These tribes have distinctive cultures, languages, and religions. They stay isolated from the world.

Geographical isolation - They live in cloistered, exclusive, remote, and inhospitable areas such as hills & forests
Backwardness - Their livelihood is based on primitive agriculture with a low level of technology leading to poverty

They are generally illiterate & unaware of the world's progress.

The shyness of contact - They have a marginal degree of contact with other cultures and people

Problems of Tribal People

There are a lot of problems that are very common with the tribal people. The biggest one being:

Large development projects undertaken by the government encroach upon their land. Large scale displacements, unsatisfactory compensation, and rehabilitation are common for these people which further leads to more backwardness and seclusion. They lack a common voice to bargain collectively because of their diversity. The other problems are: